Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 10 de 10
Filter
1.
The lancet ; 2019: 1-10, 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | SES-SP, LILACS, SESSP-CTDPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-ACVSES | ID: biblio-1023963

ABSTRACT

Background Long-term survival and cause-specific mortality of patients who start tuberculosis treatment is rarely described. We aimed to assess the long-term survival of these patients and evaluate the association between vulnerable conditions (social, health behaviours, and comorbidities) and cause-specific mortality in a country with a high burden of tuberculosis. Methods In this population-based, longitudinal study in São Paulo state, Brazil, we described the 5-year survival of patients who were newly diagnosed with tuberculosis in 2010. We included patients with newly-diagnosed tuberculosis, aged 15 years or older, and notified to the São Paulo State Tuberculosis Program in 2010. We excluded patients whose diagnosis had changed during follow-up (ie, they did not have tuberculosis) and patients who had multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis. We selected our population with tuberculosis from the dedicated electronic system TBweb. Our primary objective was to estimate the excess mortality over 5 years and within the group who survived the first year, compared with the general São Paulo state population. We also estimated the association between social vulnerability (imprisonment and homelessness), health behaviours (alcohol and drug use), and comorbidities (diabetes and mental disorders) with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. We used the competing risk analysis framework, estimating cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for potential confounding factors. Findings In 2010, there were 19 252 notifications of tuberculosis cases. We excluded 550 cases as patients were younger than 15 years, 556 cases that were not tuberculosis, 2597 retreatments, and 48 cases of MDR tuberculosis, resulting in a final cohort of 15 501 patients with tuberculosis. Over a period of 5 years from tuberculosis diagnosis, 2660 (17%) of 15 501 patients died. Compared with the source population, matched by age, sex, and calendar year, the standardised mortality ratio was 6·47 (95% CI 6·22­6·73) over 5 years and 3·93 (3·71­4·17) among those who survived the first year. 1197 (45%) of 2660 deaths were due to infection. Homelessness and alcohol and drug use were associated with death from infection (adjusted cause-specific HR 1·60, 95% CI 1·39­1·85), cardiovascular (1·43, 1·06­1·95), and external or ill-defined causes of death (1·80, 1·37­2·36). Diabetes was associated with deaths from cardiovascular causes (1·70, 1·23­2·35). Interpretation Patients newly diagnosed with tuberculosis were at a higher risk of death than were the source population, even after tuberculosis treatment. Post-tuberculosis sequelae and vulnerability are associated with excess mortality and must be addressed to mitigate the tuberculosis burden worldwide.


Subject(s)
Patients , Tuberculosis , Mortality
2.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 90(1): 41-47, Mar. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886917

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Chromosome-specific probes have been widely used in molecular cytogenetics, being obtained with different methods. In this study, a reproducible protocol for construction of chromosome-specific probes is proposed which associates in situ amplification (PRINS), micromanipulation and degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR (DOP-PCR). Human lymphocyte cultures were used to obtain metaphases from male and female individuals. The chromosomes were amplified via PRINS, and subcentromeric fragments of the X chromosome were microdissected using microneedles coupled to a phase contrast microscope. The fragments were amplified by DOP-PCR and labeled with tetramethyl-rhodamine-5-dUTP. The probes were used in fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure to highlight these specific regions in the metaphases. The results show one fluorescent red spot in male and two in female X chromosomes and interphase nuclei.


Subject(s)
Humans , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , DNA Primers/genetics , Primed In Situ Labeling/methods , Cytogenetic Analysis/methods , DNA Probes/genetics , Reproducibility of Results , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods , Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics , Microdissection/methods
3.
Pulmäo RJ ; 22(1): 33-37, 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-677128

ABSTRACT

A fibrose pulmonar idiopática (FPI) é uma das doenças pulmonares intersticiais mais comuns. Tem caráter crônico, progressivo, restringe-se ao pulmão e é de causa desconhecida, acometendo preferencialmente adultos a partir da meia idade. A FPI é uma entidade nosológica distinta; histologicamente, se manifesta no padrão de pneumonia intersticial usual (PIU). Na presença de achados típicos do padrão PIU tomográfico, a TCAR de tórax tem elevada acurácia em predizer o achado histológico de PIU e, nesses casos, o achado tomográfico típico é suficiente para o diagnóstico de FPI dentro de um contexto clínico adequado. Em relação ao tratamento, a necessidade de diferenciação da FPI dentre as outras doenças intersticiais pulmonares vem crescendo devido ao fato de recentes evidências mostrarem um aumento de mortalidade e hospitalizações naqueles pacientes com FPI tratados com azatioprina e prednisona. Além disso, novas drogas antifibróticas de uso restrito na FPI estão surgindo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pulmonary Fibrosis/diagnosis , Pulmonary Fibrosis/physiopathology , Pulmonary Fibrosis/therapy , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Respiratory Tract Diseases
4.
Pulmäo RJ ; 22(1): 2-3, 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-677134

ABSTRACT

Neste capitulo, discutiremos o que são as doenças pulmonares fibrosantes, que se caracterizam por um distúrbio pulmonar restritivo progressivo associado a uma diminuição da difusão da membrana alvéolo-capilar pulmonar, expressando-se clinicamente por dispneia e hipoxemia cada vez mais intensas. A doença mais representativa desse grupo é a fibrose pulmonar idiopática, mas a pneumonia intersticial não específica, as doenças intersticiais associadas a doenças do colágeno, sarcoidose, pneumonia de hipersensibilidade crônica e asbestose também podem cursar de maneira fibrogênica progressiva. O reconhecimento de cada uma dessas doenças e da possibilidade de o padrão histológico de pneumonia intersticial usual estar ocorrendo é de fundamental importância para a orientação dos pacientes sobre a pior evolução temporal e a pior resposta ao tratamento medicamentoso. Em pacientes com menos de 65 anos, o transplante pulmonar pode ser uma opção terapêutica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Lung Diseases, Interstitial , Lung Transplantation , Pulmonary Fibrosis , Respiratory Tract Diseases , Therapeutics
5.
Clinics ; 66(7): 1157-1163, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-596901

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Respiratory pressure-volume curves fitted to exponential equations have been used to assess disease severity and prognosis in spontaneously breathing patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Sigmoidal equations have been used to fit pressure-volume curves for mechanically ventilated patients but not for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. We compared a sigmoidal model and an exponential model to fit pressure-volume curves from mechanically ventilated patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS: Six idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients and five controls underwent inflation pressure-volume curves using the constant-flow technique during general anesthesia prior to open lung biopsy or thymectomy. We identified the lower and upper inflection points and fit the curves with an exponential equation, V = A-B.e-k.P, and a sigmoid equation, V = a+b/(1+e-(P-c)/d). RESULTS: The mean lower inflection point for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients was significantly higher (10.5 ± 5.7 cm H2O) than that of controls (3.6 ± 2.4 cm H2O). The sigmoidal equation fit the pressure-volume curves of the fibrotic and control patients well, but the exponential equation fit the data well only when points below 50 percent of the inspiratory capacity were excluded. CONCLUSION: The elevated lower inflection point and the sigmoidal shape of the pressure-volume curves suggest that respiratory system compliance is decreased close to end-expiratory lung volume in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients under general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation. The sigmoidal fit was superior to the exponential fit for inflation pressure-volume curves of anesthetized patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and could be useful for guiding mechanical ventilation during general anesthesia in this condition.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/physiopathology , Lung/physiopathology , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Lung Volume Measurements/methods , Reproducibility of Results
6.
J. bras. pneumol ; 36(6): 669-670, nov.-dez. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-570658
8.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 19(3): 374-383, jul.-set. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-470953

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Em 2000, foi publicado o II Consenso Brasileiro de Ventilação Mecânica. Desde então, o conhecimento na área da ventilação mecânica avançou rapidamente, com a publicação de inúmeros estudos clínicos que acrescentaram informações importantes para o manuseio de pacientes críticos em ventilação artificial. Além disso, a expansão do conceito de Medicina Baseada em Evidências determinou a hierarquização das recomendações clínicas, segundo o rigor metodológico dos estudos que as embasaram. Essa abordagem explícita vem ampliando a compreensão e a aplicação das recomendações clínicas. Por esses motivos, a AMIB - Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira - e a SBPT - Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia - julgaram conveniente a atualização das recomendações descritas no Consenso anterior. Dentre os tópicos selecionados a Ventilação Mecânica na Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório Agudo (SDRA) foi um dos temas propostos. O objetivo foi descrever os pontos mais importantes relacionados à ventilação mecânica na Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório Agudo e discutir o papel das estratégias protetoras aplicada a esses pacientes. MÉTODO: Objetivou-se chegar a um documento suficientemente sintético, que refletisse a melhor evidência disponível na literatura. A revisão bibliográfica baseou-se na busca de estudos através de palavras-chave e em sua gradação conforme níveis de evidência. As palavras-chave utilizadas para a busca foram: mechanical ventilation e acute respiratory distress syndrome. RESULTADOS: São apresentadas recomendações quanto à utilização das estratégias protetoras (uso de baixos volumes-correntes e limitação da pressão de platô inspiratório), assim como, o estado atual da aplicação da PEEP e o papel das manobras de recrutamento. CONCLUSÕES: A ventilação mecânica na SDRA apresentou muitas mudanças nesses últimos anos e o uso de estratégias ventilatórias que preservem a micro-arquitetura pulmonar...


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The II Brazilian Consensus Conference on Mechanical Ventilation was published in 2000. Knowledge on the field of mechanical ventilation evolved rapidly since then, with the publication of numerous clinical studies with potential impact on the ventilatory management of critically ill patients. Moreover, the evolving concept of evidence - based medicine determined the grading of clinical recommendations according to the methodological value of the studies on which they are based. This explicit approach has broadened the understanding and adoption of clinical recommendations. For these reasons, AMIB - Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira and SBPT - Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia - decided to update the recommendations of the II Brazilian Consensus. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) has been one of the updated topics. This objective was described the most important topics related to mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. METHODS: Systematic review of the published literature and gradation of the studies in levels of evidence, using the key words mechanical ventilation and acute respiratory distress syndrome. RESULTS: Recommendations on the use of lung protective strategies during mechanical ventilation based on reduced tidal volumes and limitation of plateau pressure. The state of the art of recruitment maneuvers and PEEP titration is also discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanical ventilation of patients with ADRS changed in the last few years. We presented the role of lung protective strategies that could be applied to these patients.


Subject(s)
Lung/injuries , Respiration, Artificial , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/history
10.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 19(2): 245-257, abr.-jun. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-466826

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Em 2000, foi publicado o II Consenso Brasileiro de Ventilação Mecânica. Desde então, o conhecimento na área da ventilação mecânica avançou rapidamente, com a publicação de numerosos estudos clínicos que acrescentaram informações importantes para o manejo de pacientes críticos em ventilação artificial. Além disso, a expansão do conceito de Medicina Baseada em Evidências determinou a hierarquização das recomendações clínicas, segundo o rigor metodológico dos estudos que as embasaram. Essa abordagem explícita vem ampliando a compreensão e a aplicação das recomendações clínicas. Por esses motivos, a AMIB - Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira - e a SBPT - Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia - julgaram conveniente a atualização das recomendações descritas no Consenso anterior. Dentre os tópicos selecionados a Ventilação Mecânica Não-Invasiva foi um dos temas propostos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os pontos mais importantes relacionados à ventilação mecânica na forma não-invasiva (VMNI) e sugerir as principais indicações dessa modalidade. MÉTODO: Objetivou-se chegar a um documento suficientemente sintético, que refletisse a melhor evidência disponível na literatura. A revisão bibliográfica baseou-se na busca de estudos através de palavras-chave e em sua gradação conforme níveis de evidência. As palavras-chave utilizadas para a busca foram: Ventilação mecânica não invasiva: Non-invasive mechanical ventilation. RESULTADOS: São apresentadas recomendações quanto à utilização da VMNI nas diversas formas de insuficiência respiratória e no desmame da ventilação mecânica. CONCLUSÕES: A VMNI está indicada como o tratamento preferencial na exacerbação da DPOC, assim como, na assistência de pacientes em edema agudo de pulmão.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The II Brazilian Consensus Conference on Mechanical Ventilation was published in 2000. Knowledge on the field of mechanical ventilation evolved rapidly since then, with the publication of numerous clinical studies with potential impact on the ventilatory management of critically ill patients. Moreover, the evolving concept of evidence - based medicine determined the grading of clinical recommendations according to the methodological value of the studies on which they are based. This explicit approach has broadened the understanding and adoption of clinical recommendations. For these reasons, AMIB - Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira and SBPT - Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia - decided to update the recommendations of the II Brazilian Consensus. Non-Invasive Mechanical ventilation has been one of the updated topics. Describe the most important topics on the non-invasive mechanical ventilation and suggest the main therapeutic approaches of this modality. METHODS: Systematic review of the published literature and gradation of the studies in levels of evidence, using the keywords "non-invasive mechanical ventilation". RESULTS: Recommendations on the non-invasive mechanical ventilation during respiratory failure and weaning are presented. CONCLUSIONS: Non-invasive mechanical ventilation is the main form of ventilatory support during exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in acute pulmonary edema patients.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Pulmonary Edema , Respiration, Artificial
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL